By Nadeem Raza
The era of information stimulation is posing multiple challenges at individual as well as at the national and international levels. The fast-growing tech-based connectivity backed by modern information technology tools is creeping into all the spheres of human activity at the global level. The broadband networks have become inseparable part of life so much so that nothing remains private. The personal and private information and data at national and internation levels remain a few clicks away. The high-speed connectivity through the networks is a serious threat to national security, data safety and cybersecurity. The national security and data privacy becomes more vulnerable in case of satellite networks such as SpaceX Starlink particularly for countries which are grappling with the proxy wars like Pakistan.
Pakistan has a growing internet-based services provider community and Starlink can offer multiple benefits to internet users to Pakistanis working in variety of fields. The satellite network provides seamless internet access with high speed and better connectivity. The broadband speed of Starlink enables various online activities like streaming, video conferencing and gaming. The Starlink uses Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites that ensures low latency and thus it becomes highly suitable for real-time applications. It provides worriless services having no data cap and users feel free about overage charges.
The self-alignment features of Starlink can provide the people of Pakistan with an easy and simple installation facility giving a freedom from the cumbersome internet service providers with on-ground infrastructure. This feature enables the wide range of Pakistani users to have an easy and efficient access to the internet particularly in remote areas where structure-based networks have no presence and accessibility. The SpaceX Starlink is a vibrant and dynamic internet service provider as it continues to improve its satellite constellation and thus it has the ability and space to accommodate more and more internet users all across the globe.
Pakistan can benefit from the seamless and speedy internet service provided by Starlink in successfully combatting the menace of terrorism particularly in the far-flung areas where means of communications are few and far between. It can help in developing coordinated collaboration among different law enforcement agencies, security institutions and others involved in the war against terror. The Starlink can help locate the hideouts of the terrorists, gather data and first-hand information as the security institutions can reach the terrorists with speed and ease through better communication.
Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) is in the process of awarding license to SpaceX Starlink as the SpaceX received a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from Pakistan government in March 2025. However, the final award of license is pending subject to security clearance from Ministry of Interior. The licensing also requires compliance with National Space Policy and other regulations. Under the proposed agreement, the SpaceX would establish two to three ground stations to ensure countrywide communication. The Starlink availability in Pakistan can trigger tech-based economic activities and generate many employment opportunities for the tech-savvy young generation.
However, licensing by Pakistan to US based Starlink raises many eye brows because of certain concerns and apprehensions particularly from the security apparatus of the country as the licensing process has triggered wide range of discussion on data protection measures, consumer protection and urgent requirement of new laws and regulations.
Moreover, the concerns being raised about the Starlink are of serious nature as this satellite-based internet service can bypass local internet service providers, national gateways as it can facilitate users’ access to the content blocked by the PTA. The regulators may also find it difficult to regulate the content and interceptions as it may become a serious challenge for the PTA to have a control and oversight on the content keeping in view the national security. Moreover, the experts in the IT field are expressing concerns because Starlink can disable state filters, firewalls and oversight and monitoring mechanism and can cause legal and political repercussions.
Furthermore, the Starlink is a foreign-owned and foreign-controlled entity and the foreign control over vital communication network can pose many challenges to the country especially to the sensitive and security institutions. The fears pop in minds that sensitive data transmitted through the Starlink can be breached and intercepted by the forces inimical to the country and its interests. The intelligence-based information is very vital to Pakistan as it is surrounded by the enemies and terrorists. In this way, the Starlink operators can pose a serious risk to the country’s sovereignty and national economy.
Apart from these factors, the Starlink in Pakistan may disrupt fair competitive practices as it may impact local internet service providers causing ripples in the local market, in urban and rural areas. The local telecom companies have raised the flag about disrupting the balance in the market with the arrival of Starlink as they stress introducing the anti-dumping laws to protect them from the unfair competition.
Following the preliminary bonhomie between US President Donald Trump and SpaceX owner John Musk, their relations got estranged over policy divergence. Musk repeatedly criticized Trump policies on media as he was critical of ending subsidy to domestic electric vehicles and budget cuts to NASA though legislation as these moves directly affected the companies owned by Musk. If Pakistan allows Starlink operation in the country, it is sure that US-Pakistan relations get sour affecting Pakistan’s economic and business interests.
Starlink with its overwhelming presence all across the country can be used for espionage purposes as it may allow some elements to sneak into vital information concerning Pakistan’s security, defence and other sensitive data. The stolen data and information can be used to breach Pakistan’s defence and may cause irreparable damage to the country’s sovereignty, integrity and solidarity.
Starlink with its wide range of network integration all across the country particularly in remote areas may become an easy tool of strong communication for the terrorists operating in far-flung areas of the country. The Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), Balochistan Liberation Front (BLF), Tahrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and other terrorist organizations can take the leverage of high-end communication and linkage through Starlink to carry out their terror activities against Pakistan. It can provide speedy linkage with their operatives, abettors, sponsors and facilitators.
As a bottom-line, SpaceX Starlink can prove to be more harmful to the interest of Pakistan than beneficial. The state security is likely to become vulnerable and remains under constant threat with the presence of Starlink network in space of the country. In recent course of events and scenario emerged following May 2025, Pakistan cannot afford to put its vital security interests at risk. The shame writ on the face of enemies after the misadventure in May 2025 forced them to accelerate the terrorist activities inside Pakistan especially in Balochistan and this situation also suggests that sensitive information should be kept safe keeping in view the national interest and Starlink may become a source of date breach that is imossible for security institutions to accept in any way.
